Long Reads. In Silesia a significant segment of the population tends to declare itself as Silesian or German according to political circumstances. The biggest number of Poles belong to the Catholic Church – ca. US politics. During the 90s, environmental issues in Poland involved air, land, and water pollution. Major communities of Poles and people of Polish descent can be found throughout Europe: in Germany, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Russia, France, United Kingdom, Sweden, Ireland, as well as in the Americas: in the United States, Brazil, Canada, Argentina, and Australia. The January 1863 uprising and its aftermath, Accommodation with the ruling governments, From the Treaty of Versailles to the Treaty of Riga, Białowieża (Belarusian: Belovezhskaya) Forest. Poland lies in the zone of mixed forests, but in the southeast a fragment of the forest-steppe vegetation zone intrudes. Sunshine reaches its maximum over the Baltic in summer and the Carpathians in winter, and mean annual temperatures range from 46 °F (8 °C) in the southwestern lowlands to 44 °F (7 °C) in the colder northeast. The climate of the mountains is determined by altitude. Today ethnic situation of Poland is very different from what it was before the World War II. Poland According to the Polish Academy of Sciences, "a third of the nation’s 38 million people live in areas of ecological disaster." 817,000 Silesians (0,45%), 126,000 Germans (0,4%), 46,000 Belarusians (0,1%), 49,000 Ukrainians (0,1%) and other (2%). Small lakes dot the entire northern half of Poland, however their biggest concentration is in the northeastern region known as Masurian Lake District. The annual average precipitation is about 24 inches (610 mm), but in the mountains the figure approaches 31 to 47 inches (787 to 1,194 mm), dropping to about 18 inches (457 mm) in the central lowlands. There were significant Polish minorities in Daugavpils (in Latvia), Minsk (in Belarus), and Kiev (in Ukraine). 20 ethnic groups. Tatra Mountains (part of Carpathians) have Alpine character and here the highest Polish peak is found – Mount Rysy, 2499 m (8200 feet) above sea level. There are six seasons of the year in Poland – in addition to the four typical such as spring, summer, autumn (fall) and winter, there are also two seasons described as early spring and early winter. Generally, in north and west part of the country the climate is predominantly maritime, with gentle, humid winters and cool, rainy summers, while the eastern and southern part of Poland has distinctly continental climate with harsh winters and hotter, drier summers. The government has been improving the environment for business, as can be seen in Poland’s ascent up the ranking of the World Bank’s Doing Business tables. Temperatures drop below 5 C, often heavy frost and snowstorms occur. The major elements involved are oceanic air masses from the west, cold polar air from Scandinavia or Russia, and warmer, subtropical air from the south. Doing Business in Poland. Conversely, there is a large Polish diaspora, notably in the United States. A nation with a proud cultural heritage, Poland can trace its roots back over 1,000 years. England fixtures for World Cup 2022 qualification revealed. In total, it covers an area of more than 3,000 square kilometers and enjoys a status as a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site for its environment and untouched natural beauty. The Baltic coast has two natural harbours, the larger situated in the Gdańsk - Gdynia region, and the smaller near Szczecin in the far northwest. I am exploring the place I’ve seen through images and movies like Valkyrie. Six seasons may be clearly distinguished: a snowy winter of one to three months; an early spring of one or two months, with alternating wintry and springlike conditions; a predominantly sunny spring; a warm summer with plenty of rain and sunshine; a sunny, warm autumn; and a foggy, humid period signifying the approach of winter. There is a large population of white storks in Poland; they nest here in summer and migrate to Africa for winter. Along the southern border stretch the mountain ridges of Carpathians and Sudetes. NOW 50% OFF! Carbon dioxide emission levels were high in the Poland. The problems of environmental degradation were not officially recognized until the early 1970s and were not addressed until the Solidarity movement began agitating in the early 1980s. In addition, minority ethnic identity was not cultivated publicly until after the collapse of communism in 1989. Wrocław. Poland's measured highest-point is Mt. Poland’s animal life belongs to the European–West Siberian zoogeographic province, itself part of the Palearctic subregion, and is closely linked with the vegetation cover. Polish kids can also start "studying" by age 3 but it's mostly a playing environment and is only optional. The biggest ethnic minorities include approx. In the northeast there are portions of the eastern European subtaiga, with spruce as a characteristic component. Bio-variety of Polish fauna and flora is fascinating. In 2018 Poland’s GDP grew by 24% compared to 2012. Approximately 87% are Roman Catholics. Now, in the 21st century, most communities of non-Poles are dispersed but reside in the border provinces, primarily in the south. Poland Economic Growth After contracting notably this year on the hit from coronavirus containment measures, the economy is projected to rebound in 2021. Positioned at the centre of Europe, it has known turbulent and violent times. Białowieża Forest . Private consumption and fixed investment are seen expanding strongly, supported by fiscal relief measures. The country’s major rivers remain badly polluted by industrial and urban effluents, and Poland’s cities and larger towns are major sources of pollution. Early autumn (fall) is generally sunny and warm – in September and October leaves on trees change colours and a beautiful period called Polish Golden Autumn (Fall) begins. Poland is located at a geographic crossroads that links the forested lands of northwestern Europe to the sea lanes of the Atlantic Ocean and the fertile plains of the Eurasian frontier. There are small numbers of Slovaks, Czechs, and Armenians. Some species and habitat types still exist here, even though they have disappeared in the west of Europe. The northeastern limits of certain trees—notably beech, fir, and the variety of oak known as pedunculate—run through Polish territory. By the late 20th century, the Polish Academy of Sciences had described Poland as one of the most polluted countries in the world. Poland is one of the biggest countries in Central Europe with an area of 312,679 sq km (120,726 sq mi). Poland successfully managed its integration into the European Union since joining in 2004, and during the 2008-09 global financial crises it was the only member to experience growth. In the mountains the vegetation, like the climate, is determined by elevation. Poland has 21 mountains over 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in elevation, and all are located in the Tatras, along the border with Slovakia. – bison – the biggest mammal in Poland and whole Europe. Watch this video animation to find out some interesting facts: Business Culture in Poland is characterised through: business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide Poland lies at the centre of the European continent, where eastern and western Europe meet. Now bounded by seven nations, Poland has waxed and waned over the centuries, buffeted by the forces of regional history. Worldwide there are additional 15-20 million Poles and people of Polish origin living abroad. Wildcats live in the mountain woods, and the chamois and marmot are found at the highest levels. Unemployment levels remain low, with the average annual rate at 3.9% (an all-time low in the post-1989 period), significantly below the EU28 average (6.8%). The major elements involved are oceanic air masses from the west, cold polar air from Scandinavia or Russia, and warmer, subtropical air from the south. It now resides in primeval forests of Bialowieza and has become a symbol of the Bialowieza National Park. Varied natural environment in Italy . The rest of the population consists of Eastern Orthodox (1,3%), Protestants (0,4%) and other Christian religions. The war, however, killed vast numbers of people, precipitated massive migrations, and radically altered borders. Full of life and character, … The killing of a large section of the Polish intelligentsia by the Nazis and the Communists during and after World War II greatly reduced the rigid social stratification in the country. The present population of Polish people living in Poland is estimated at slightly over 38 million. Across central Poland a vast region of plains extends – the so called Polish Plain, used mainly for agriculture. office@intopoland.com. A series of barometric depressions moves eastward along the polar front year-round, dividing the subtropical from the colder air and bringing to Poland, as to other parts of northern Europe, cloudy, wet days. Belarusians and Lithuanians live in areas adjoining Belarus and Lithuania, respectively. People Humid Atlantic air masses collide with dry continental masses over its territory making the weather in Poland capricious and changeable, and consequently difficult to predict. Poland has a moderate climate influenced by both maritime and continental elements. Although most of Poland’s territory is lowland, the country has amazing and versatile natural environment. Holarctic elements (i.e., those pertaining to the temperate belt of the Northern Hemisphere) are dominant among the seed plants. To the south of central lowlands the terrain rises slowly and is again more hilly and diverse, dominated by highlands. The spring arrives slowly in March or April, bringing sunny days as well as rain and light frost. Polands climate can be described as a temperate climate with relatively cold winters and warm summers, which is greatly influenced by oceanic air currents from the west, cold polar air from Scandinavia and Russia, as well as warmer, sub-tropical air from the south. In its statement , the Commission said the maximum daily air pollution limits were being exceeded in 36 zones, and yearly limits breached in 12. Bison has been also chosen for a trade mark for two Polish beverages: herbal bison vodka and beer. Some animals have always had special status in Poland. The Guardian view on Poland’s Catholics: losing faith in their church Published: 2 Dec 2020 Von der Leyen: Hungary and Poland should take EU budget row to court But Poland's economic performance could improve if the country addresses some of the remaining deficiencies in its road and rail infrastructure, business environment, rigid labor code, commercial court system, government red tape, and burdensome tax system. There are around 75,000 species of plants, 39,000 micro-organisms and fungi, around 2750 vascular plant species and sub-species and around 33,000-45,000 of animal species living in numerous co-existing ecosystems. Poland has a border with Germany to the west, with the Czech Republic and Slovakia to th… Poland is one of the mainstays for this large bird of prey. The country is bordering Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad to the northeast. Its northern frontier constitutes the Baltic Sea. Generally, in north and west part of the country the climate is predominantly maritime, with gentle, humid winters and cool, rainy summers, while the eastern and southern part of Poland has distinctly continental climate with harsh winters and hotter, drier summers. Before 1939 Poland was a very multi-ethnic country with a third of its population composing of minorities. In 1990 about half of Poland's lakes had been damaged by acid rain, and 95 percent of the country's river water was considered undrinkable. November brings rains and lower temperatures, days become visibly shorter. Several areas of central Poland, where cement is produced and brown coal (lignite) is burned, also were contaminated by air pollution. Significant reduction in the emission of pollutants occurred, however, as a consequence of the rapid fall in industrial production in the early 1990s, following the abandonment of communism and the introduction of economic reforms. Nature protection in Poland has long tradition. Topographically, Poland is a diverse country; although most of the central terrain is flat, there is an abundance of lakes, rivers, hills, swamps, beaches, islands and forests elsewhere. The Jewish community, now almost entirely Polonized, has been greatly reduced and can be found in major cities. Musicians in traditional dress performing in the Main Market Square, Kraków, Poland. The society in Poland exhibited a high degree of stratification before 1939. The traditional provinces of Silesia and Pomerania were home to a significant minority of Germans. Winter lasts from December through January until late February or early March. Some 19 million people rely on coal for heat in winter. Virtually all of Poland’s people claim Polish nationality, with Polish as their native tongue. Thanks to such attitude there are still places hardly touched by civilization, like Bialowieza Primeval Forest, endless Biebrza marshes or desolate Bieszczady Mountains. Ukrainians are scattered in various southwestern and northern districts. Inside the compound, I meet Jadwiga –a Wolf’s Lair local expert. Rysy in the High Tatras; it stands at 2,499 m (8,199 ft) in elevation. Population: 631,377. Among the vertebrate fauna are nearly 400 species, including many types of mammals and more than 200 native birds. The tall evergreen trees, the dark ground once covered with thousands of landmines, the desolate environment, the steel, and concrete debris; all strange to me, yet somewhat familiar. More than one-fourth of the country is wooded, with the majority set aside as public property. Landscape Generally, the Polish seasons are clearly differentiated. 11 chilling predictions for what the world will look like in 10 years. There are 23 national parks in Poland, which cover an area of 3,200 sq km (1,235 sq miles) – approximately 1% of the country’s area. environment, Poland lags behind most other OECD countries with respect to a number of environmental indicators. January is the coldest month of the year. After 1989, there was a reduction of the state-owned sector balanced by the development of the private. The country spreads between natural sand beaches of the Baltic Sea in the north, through clear lakes, rivers and extensive well-preserved forests, tranquility of central lowlands to vast uplands and mountain peaks in the south. Climate It can be observed in the wild in central, north-western and eastern parts of the country. The pe… By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. As a consequence, the population of Poland became one of the most ethnically homogeneous in the world. The European bison, or wisent, which once roamed widely across the continent but became extinct in the wild following World War I, once again roams the great Białowieża (Belarusian: Belovezhskaya) Forest in national parks on both sides of the Polish-Belarusian border, having been reintroduced by using zoo-bred animals. Due to the Soviet and German genocides, shifting of country’s borders after the war and ethnic policies of communist government, Poland’s minorities were almost gone. In winter, snow makes up about half the total precipitation in the plains and almost all of it in the mountains. Polish mountains offer wonderful hiking and skiing opportunities. This makes it the 9th largest country in Europe and the 63rd largest in the world. Britannica Kids Holiday Bundle! Varying types of air masses collide over Poland, influencing the character of both weather and climate. Did you know about business culture in Poland? Poland, home to 6 of the 10 most polluted cities in Europe, was warned in February over its continued failure to address its pollution problem — and given two months to formulate a plan. July is the hottest month, however hot days, when the temperature exceeds 25 C, occur from May to September. Rapid industrialization following World War II in Poland, as well as in neighbouring Czech Republic, Slovakia, and eastern Germany, severely polluted many areas of the country. The climate is milder along the northern coast, overlooking the Baltic Sea, while it becomes progressively more continental going to the south, where the distance from the sea is greater. Much higher levels of respiratory disease, abnormal pregnancy, and infant mortality have been reported in areas of environmental degradation. www.intopoland.com During communist rule, educational and economic advancement of the Polish worker and peasants were fostered. The political system of the Republic of Poland is defined by the Constitution of 2nd April 1997. Upper Silesia and Kraków, in particular, had suffered some of the highest levels of atmospheric and groundwater pollution in Europe. Judaism and Islam are the biggest non-Christian religions. – wolf – is under legal protection in Poland. Approximately one-fifth of the territory of Poland is maintained as fields, pasture and meadows. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Throughout the decade the government implemented antipollution policies, such as closing the most damaging industrial plants. Brown bears live in the Carpathian Mountains. The number of combined non-Polish ethnic minorities range between 1-2 million (3%) and consist of ca. The daily temperature at that time ranges from 5 C to 15 C. The summer, with temperatures above 20 C, begins in late May / June and lasts until the end of August. The air had various dust and chemicals, such as lead, carbon dioxide, ammonia, fluoride, nitrogen compounds, formaldehyde, and cadmium. During this time, large-scale migration of the rural population to Polish cities was observed. Among the most iconic ones are: – eagle – the white-tailed eagle has been a symbol of Polish nation since the origin of Polish state. Pollution has also reduced crop yields and adversely affected tree growth in many of the forests in the Sudeten and western Carpathians. The climate in Poland is continental, with very cold winters, often below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F), and warm summers. Today Poland as a part of European Union is obligated to copy with EU standards, which restricted the influence of industry on the environment. Poland has privatized medium and small state-owned enterprises and passed a liberal law for the establishment of new companies. After the fall of communism, ne democratic government ordered new law, which focused on keeping and restoration as much natural goods as possible. There are around 600 gray wolves living in the remote and forested areas of eastern Poland, mainly in the Carpathian Mountains. Their efforts also hurt the environment. Glacial action in this region formed lakes and low hills in the otherwise flat terrain. In winter, polar-continental fronts often dominate, bringing cold, frosty weather with temperatures far below zero an sometimes … Hot and sunny days alternate with showers and thunderstorms. In the heavily industrialized Katowice region of Poland, the people suffer 15 percent more circulatory disease, 30 percent more tumors, and … The Jewish community of over 3 million was almost completely wiped out – today Jewish population in Poland is estimated at ca. Before World War II the Polish lands were noted for the richness and variety of their ethnic communities. The country was ranked 12th in the world for high carbon dioxide levels. There are few endemic species; the Polish larch (Larix polonica) and the Ojców birch (Betula oycoviensis) are two examples. Poland is an almost mono-ethnic society with Poles making up around 97% of the country’s inhabitants. Poland, country of central Europe. Like elsewhere in Poland, most of the homes in the villages below Zar Mountain are still heated by coal. Deer and wild pigs roam the woods; elk inhabit the coniferous forests of the northeast; and steppe rodents, such as the brindled gopher, live in the south. The most valuable primeval areas unique on a European scale are under legal protection. Poland is a relatively low-lying country with 91% of its territory lying below 300 m above sea level. International. In the southeast, Ukrainian settlements predominated in the regions east of Chełm and in the Carpathian Mountains east of Nowy Sącz. 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