The modern-day generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831-32. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity. Battery Charger How do wind turbines work? All generators, portable or stationary, have customized housings that provide a structural base support. Most OHV-engines are equipped with CIS but it is essential to check for this feature in the engine of a generator. These need to be freestanding and should not be supported by the engine of the generator. This prompts the voltage regulator into action and the above cycle begins. AC current is generated by an electrical AC generator operating on the electromagnetic induction (EMI) principle. Expedited Shipping - US & Canada, Get $$$ for your used power generation equipment. (f) Fuel Injector – This atomizes the liquid fuel and sprays the required amount of fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine. The cycle continues till the generator output ramps up to its original full operating capacity. No Spam. This rotational energy caused by the high pressured steam turbine is used to generate electricity from an attached generator. Smaller engines usually operate on gasoline while larger engines run on diesel, liquid propane, propane gas, or natural gas. © Generator Source, LLC 1999-2020. The current is created due to a law of electromagnetism called Faraday’s Law of Induction, discovered in the 1800’s. This video explains how a gas turbine, the heart of the power plant, produces an electric current that delivers power to our people. Its basic parts are a stator and a rotor. It work on simple principle the energy from fluid flow turns the three propeller like blade around the rotor which is connected to the main shaft that spin the generator which produces electricity. All rights reserved. (b) Exhaust System How a generator works is easy to understand if you can understand each step below. In the figure below we see a graphical representation of an an alternating current, where the electrical charge travels back and forth repeatedly between and positive and negative charge: The information above is a brief overview of how a generator works. The alternator, also known as the ‘genhead’, is the part of the generator that produces the electrical output from the mechanical input supplied by the engine. As a result, tidal power is very clean and helps to conserve natural resources. Hydrogen is sometimes used as a coolant for the stator windings of large generator units since it is more efficient at absorbing heat than other coolants. The exciter windings are connected to units known as rotating rectifiers. Raw/fresh water is sometimes used as a coolant for generators, but these are mostly limited to specific situations like small generators in city applications or very large units over 2250 kW and above. In the case of small generator units, the fuel tank is a part of the generator’s skid base or is mounted on top of the generator frame. The picture below shows the same generator from a different point of view, as if you were looking lengthwise, down through the circular top of the turbine cylinder. The following article provides further details regarding the generator control panel. The st e art function of a generator is battery-operated. The energy can then be transferred to a generator where electricity is produced. Instead, it uses the mechanical energy supplied to it to force the movement of electric charges present in the wire of its windings through an external electric circuit. When you need quiet, clean energy, an inverter generator is the way to go. Two of the most common applications of Gas Turbines in modern industries are Turbo Generators and Turbo Compressors. Some of these are mentioned below. It is essential to check the coolant levels of the generator on a daily basis. This process makes use of a natural resource (water) and does not involve the combustion of any fossil fuels. The CIS is not an expensive feature but it plays an important role in engine durability especially if you need to use your generator often or for long durations. This point can not be emphasized enough as carbon monoxide poisoning remains one of the most common causes for death in post hurricane affected areas because people tend to not even think about it until it’s too late. (c) Overflow connection from fuel tank to the drain pipe – This is required so that any overflow during refilling of the tank does not cause spillage of the liquid on the generator set. They are also fully automatic and do not require any adjustments to be made or any settings to be changed. Hence, it is essential to install an adequate exhaust system to dispose of the exhaust gases. Transformer - The transformer inside the powerhouse takes the AC and converts it to higher-voltage current. The fuel pump is typically electrically operated. (3) Rotating Rectifiers: Conversion of AC Current to DC Current – These rectify the AC current generated by the exciter windings and convert it to DC current. But in 1913, Tesla received a patent for what he described as his most important invention. (b) Overhead Valve (OHV) Engines versus non-OHV Engines – OHV engines differ from other engines in that the intake and exhaust valves of the engine are located in the head of the engine’s cylinder as opposed to being mounted on the engine block. All such installations are subject to the approval of the City Planning Division. I try to approach a Gas Turbo Generator (GTG) to better feel the subject. If the float voltage is very high, it will shorten the life of the battery. Note: in this particular case, we get electric energy produced from two different directions (as one coil is spinning up, the other is rotating downward) so the electrical output comes as an alternating current. (ii) By permanent magnets – This is common in small alternator units. How Expensive Is It To Run The Generator? The energy for rotation of the rotor is from a rotating turbine or an Internal Combustion engine. Generators - As the turbine blades turn, so do a series of magnets inside the generator. And this doesn’t have to be a strong wind, either: the blades of most turbines will start turning at a wind speed of 3-5 meters per second, which is a gentle breeze. More easily seen from this view, the armature rotates within the generator, with each end moving opposite the other. Faraday discovered that the above flow of electric charges could be induced by moving an electrical conductor, such as a wire that contains electric charges, in a magnetic field. The battery charger keeps the generator battery charged by supplying it with a precise ‘float’ voltage. We respect your privacy & you may unsubscribe at any time. The voltage regulator then feeds this DC current to a set of secondary windings in the stator, known as exciter windings. Only the primary energy source and prime mover is different. The latter represents the magnetic field source while the former contains the conductor where the … It contains a set of electrical conductors wound in coils over an iron core. (a) Type of Fuel Used – Generator engines operate on a variety of fuels such as diesel, gasoline, propane (in liquefied or gaseous form), or natural gas. An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy obtained from an external source into electrical energy as the output. (a) Stator – This is the stationary component. Solar’s modular concept for gas turbine generator sets has been optimized for transportation and civil works resulting in shorter installation and commissioning times, and reducing overall costs for our customers. Lubricating System So the generator will produce the AC power according to load demand, then it will be converted to DC and then to AC. If the float voltage is very high, it will shorten the life of the battery. If the float voltage is very low, the battery will remain undercharged. Power Generation Modules. With a gasoline-powered generator, an internal combustion engine drives a rotating shaft that turns the armature. It is the job of the turbine housing to guide the exhaust gas (3) into the turbine wheel. Hence, the electrical generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. (2) The turbine shaft will begin to rotate with the rotor, causing all of the inner workings of the machine to rotate as well. Inverter generators serve a number of applications for our portable power customers including, RV power, camping, entertainment sound sets, sporting event vendors, healthcare and elderly care backup operations, mobile restaurants, mobile service providers, sensitive construction environments, and … The generator’s engine is lubricated by oil stored in a pump. (1) Voltage Regulator: Conversion of AC Voltage to DC Current – The voltage regulator takes up a small portion of the generator’s output of AC voltage and converts it into DC current. The main job of the rotor is to absorb the mechanical energy outside the generator, and use it to create rotational motion. This doesn’t affect bladeless wind turbines, any limitation associated with the “wake effect” is avoided. OHV engines have several advantages over other engines such as: • Compact design (d) Other controls – Phase selector switch, frequency switch, and engine control switch (manual mode, auto mode) among others. A home generator uses an internal combustion engine to drive an alternator. (a) Pipe connection from fuel tank to engine – The supply line directs fuel from the tank to the engine and the return line directs fuel from the engine to the tank. Certain engines can also operate on a dual feed of both diesel and gas in a bi-fuel operation mode. (b) Rotor / Armature – This is the moving component that produces a rotating magnetic field in any one of the following three ways: (i) By induction – These are known as brushless alternators and are usually used in large generators. Water from the stream is channelled into a pipeline to gain enough head (vertical drop the water falls) to power the system. (d) Fuel pump – This transfers fuel from the main storage tank to the day tank. The Stirling engine (or Stirling's air engine as it was known at the time) was invented and patented in 1816. Follow the links to apply your knowledge of how a turbine generator works using each of these forces: Wind Energy , Solar Energy , Hydro Energy , Steam Energy . The following are the factors that you need to keep in mind while assessing the alternator of a generator: (a) Metal versus Plastic Housing – An all-metal design ensures durability of the alternator. The inverter circuit of this generator can convert any amount of DC power be it 20 volts or 100 volts to 120-volt 60Hz AC power. Alternating current (AC) has a sinusoidal shape and changes its direction and amplitude alternately. A number of high power thyristors rectify the AC current to produce a DC current which feeds to the rotor through slip rings. Common sources used to supply a generator with mechanical energy are: The fuels used to supply these forces are: The generator pictured above is a small and cylindrical turbine generator with an outer casing made of steel. Each different force will eventually create a rotating force within the turbine generator. (4) Rotor / Armature: Conversion of DC Current to AC Voltage – The rotor / armature now induces a larger AC voltage across the windings of the stator, which the generator now produces as a larger output AC voltage. Be the first to hear about the latest green energy news, technology and offers. The fast-spinning turbine drives a generator that converts a portion of the spinning energy into electricity. For commercial applications, it may be necessary to erect and install an external fuel tank. The steart function of a generator is battery-operated. The engine can use either, gas, diesel or natural gas (propane) as a source of fuel. The battery charger keeps the generator battery charged by supplying it with a precise ‘float’ voltage. At 100 feet or more above the ground, the tower allows the turbine to take advantage of faster wind speeds found at higher altitudes.Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades, which act much like an airplane wing. (4) On either side of the armature, on the casing of the generator, we have two polar field magnets that create a magnetic field inside the space within the generator. A generator is simply a device that moves a magnet near a wire to create a steady flow of electrons. The components work together to cause relative movement between the magnetic and electric fields, which in turn generates electricity. The rotor in a turbine generator could be attached to a set of wind turbine blades, a set of reaction or impulse steam turbine blades, hydro-turbine blades, or a gas engine. When wind flows across the blade, the air pressure on one side of the blade decreases. Control Panel (a) Cooling System Hydrogen removes heat from the generator and transfers it through a heat exchanger into a secondary cooling circuit that contains de-mineralized water as a coolant. All generators use this basic principle. (6) Finally, the electricity produced can be extracted from the generator. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The cooling system and raw water pump should be flushed after every 600 hours and the heat exchanger should be cleaned after every 2,400 hours of generator operation. The turbine inside the generator rotates from an source of mechanical energy, which causes the copper coil to rotate within a magnetic field, which produces an electric current. It contains an assembly of stationary and moving parts encased in a housing. Constant measurement and monitoring of these parameters enables built-in shut down of the generator when any of these cross their respective threshold levels. The National Electric Code (NEC) mandates that a minimum space of 3 feet should be allowed on all sides of the generator to ensure free flow of cooling air. Voltage Regulator The turbine consists of the turbine wheel (1) and the turbine housing (2). Generators are useful appliances that supply electrical power during a power outage and prevent discontinuity of daily activities or disruption of business operations. The disturbance of the downstream wind current is why regular turbines need to be installed far from each other. The mechanism is described below against each component that plays a part in the cyclical process of voltage regulation. A steam turbine generator works by heating water to extremely high temperatures until it is converted into steam, then the steam energy is used to rotate the blades of a turbine to create mechanical or rotational energy. The majority of wind turbines consist of three blades mounted to a tower made from tubular steel. In the following sections, we will look at how a generator functions, the main components of a generator, and how a generator operates as a secondary source of electrical power in residential and industrial applications. Plastic housings get deformed with time and cause the moving parts of the alternator to be exposed. Wind turbine blades rotate when hit by the wind. The generator, in turn, converts the mechanical (kinetic) energy of the rotor to electrical energy. You might think that, of all this work, Tesla would have held his inventions in electrical engineering -- those that described a complete system of generators, transformers, transmission lines, motor and lighting -- dearest to his heart. A Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) captures exhaust heat from the gas turbine that would otherwise escape through the exhaust stack. The DC power for the electromagnet is from the main generator output itself. As stated before, the mechanical energy needed to make the generator work can come from several different forces. As the rotor, shaft, and armature rotate, they move within the electric field created by the magnets. The method of retrieving the electrical energy depends on how it will be used. You must ensure that the exhaust system of your generator is not connected to that of any other equipment. In modern generators the exciters are static. The DC output voltage of the battery charger is set at 2.33 Volts per cell, which is the precise float voltage for lead acid batteries. So, the faster the copper coil rotates, the more electric current will be created. (b) Engine gauges – Different gauges indicate important parameters such as oil pressure, temperature of coolant, battery voltage, engine rotation speed, and duration of operation. As that steam flows past a turbine’s spinning blades, the steam expands and cools. As the name implies, this component regulates the output voltage of the generator. You should check the level of lubricating oil every 8 hours of generator operation. The exhaust pipe terminates outdoors and leads away from doors, windows and other openings to the house or building. (c) Brushless Design – An alternator that does not use brushes requires less maintenance and also produces cleaner power. The force of the fluid on the blades spins/rotates the rotor shaft of a generator. You should also check for any leakages of lubricant and change the lubricating oil every 500 hours of generator operation. The battery charger has an isolated DC voltage output that does interfere with the normal functioning of the generator. • User-friendly in operations Common features of the fuel system include the following: The manufacturer of the engine should be consulted to obtain full engine operation specifications and maintenance schedules. Exhaust pipes are usually attached to the engine using flexible connectors to minimize vibrations and prevent damage to the generator’s exhaust system. A wind turbine turns wind energy into electricity using the aerodynamic force from the rotor blades, which work like an airplane wing or helicopter rotor blade. The main components of an electric generator can be broadly classified as follows: The engine is the source of the input mechanical energy to the generator. (iii) By using an exciter – An exciter is a small source of direct current (DC) that energizes the rotor through an assembly of conducting slip rings and brushes. Giant magnets rotate past copper coils, producing alternating current (AC) by moving electrons. IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY! The energy from the exhaust gas turns the turbine wheel, and the gas then exits the turbine housing through an exhaust outlet area (4). The amount of power produced will depend on … Since the generator comprises moving parts in its engine, it requires lubrication to ensure durability and smooth operations for a long period of time. For all other common applications, both residential and industrial, a standard radiator and fan is mounted on the generator and works as the primary cooling system. (2) Exciter Windings: Conversion of DC Current to AC Current – The exciter windings now function similar to the primary stator windings and generate a small AC current. Exhaust pipes are usually made of cast iron, wrought iron, or steel. Click the following link for further details regarding fuel tanks for generators. WHAT IS A WIND TURBINE? So that is why the inverter generators … A turbine’s efficiency comes from how well it captures the power of the wind and turns it into a rotational torque that can then push electrons out from the generator and into the grid. When you refill the fuel tank, ensure metal-to-metal contact between the filler nozzle and the fuel tank to avoid sparks. If the float voltage is very low, the battery will remain undercharged. Therefore most of nuclear power plants operates a single-shaft turbine-generator that consists of one multi-stage HP turbine and three parallel multi-stage LP turbines, a main generator and an exciter.HP Turbine is usually double-flow reaction turbine with about 10 stages with shrouded blades and produces about 30-40% of the gross power output of the power plant unit. 2.1K views View 3 Upvoters The frame also allows for the generated to be earthed for safety. Once the generator reaches full operating capacity, the voltage regulator attains a state of equilibrium and produces just enough DC current to maintain the generator’s output at full operating level. It is important to understand that a generator does not actually ‘create’ electrical energy. Generators are available in different electrical and physical configurations for use in different applications. As one end rotates upward through the magnetic field, the opposite side will be rotating downward, and eventually in a complete circle that is repeated many times. However, OHV-engines are also more expensive than other engines. A wind turbine is a machine that converts kinetic energy from the wind into electricity.The blades of a wind turbine turn between 13 and 20 revolutions per minute, depending on their technology, at a constant or variable velocity, where the velocity of the rotor varies in relation to the velocity of the wind in order to reach a greater efficiency. (3) Attached to the turbine shaft is a coil of copper wire that rotates at the same speed as the turbine shaft and is often referred to as an armature. Find out how much Solar Power will cost to setup and how much you can save! In a turbine generator, a moving fluid—water, steam, combustion gases, or air—pushes a series of blades mounted on a rotor shaft. (b) Ventilation pipe for fuel tank – The fuel tank has a ventilation pipe to prevent the build-up of pressure or vacuum during refilling and drainage of the tank. (b) Ball Bearings versus Needle Bearings – Ball bearings are preferred and last longer. The fuel tank usually has sufficient capacity to keep the generator operational for 6 to 8 hours on an average. (c) Cast Iron Sleeve (CIS) in Engine Cylinder – The CIS is a lining in the cylinder of the engine. The size of the alternator will vary and can be anything from around 10KW up to 40KW or more. When you add a load to a generator, its output voltage dips a little. The prime mover can be a steam turbine, a gas turbine, a wind turbine, or a hydro turbine. Exhaust fumes emitted by a generator are just like exhaust from any other diesel or gasonline engine and contain highly toxic chemicals that need to be properly managed. Heat recovery system captures exhaust. As the output of the generator increases, the voltage regulator produces less DC current. This movement creates a voltage difference between the two ends of the wire or electrical conductor, which in turn causes the electric charges to flow, thus generating electric current. Generators usually output direct current (DC) power, but some have internal power inverters that convert this to alternating current (AC) power. Located in Brighton, Colorado. Remote Monitoring Of Used Industrial Generators, Shipping Industrial Generators to Customers, Outside Field Service Sales Representative – Industrial Generators. The rotor generates a moving magnetic field around the stator, which induces a voltage difference between the windings of the stator. It reduces wear and tear, and ensures durability of the engine. You should also consult the local city ordinances to determine whether your generator operation will need to obtain an approval from the local authorities to ensure you are conforming to local laws a protect against fines and other penalties. (You'll learn more about how the generator works later.) This cycle continues till the generator begins to produce output voltage equivalent to its full operating capacity. Let’s take a step-by-step look out how a generator works using the diagram above: (1) Point 1, from the figure above, is a spinning rotor that is attached to the turbine shaft. Battery chargers are usually made of stainless steel to prevent corrosion. In this article and the video below, you are going to learn what a Gas Turbine is and how it works in a very easy-to-follow format. It followed earlier attempts at making an air engine but was probably the first put to practical use when, in 1818, an engine built by Stirling was employed pumping water in a quarry. By providing your email you consent to receiving occasional promotional emails & newsletters. Turbine is a rotary mechanical device which extracts energy from fluid flow converts it into useful work. This increases wear and tear and more importantly, is hazardous to the user. This law states that a wire conductor that creates movement through a magnetic field creates an electric current, and that the strength of the current is equal to the rate of change through the magnetic field. The action that forces this movement varies greatly, ranging from hand cranks and steam engines to nuclear fission, but the principle remains the same. www.dob-academy.nl Wind turbines generate electricity using generators. This flow of electric charges constitutes the output electric current supplied by the generator. The answer to that is a definite, “It depends.” No doubt, … • Low noise during operations (e) Fuel Water Separator / Fuel Filter – This separates water and foreign matter from the liquid fuel to protect other components of the generator from corrosion and contamination. A generator consists of a stationary magnetic field (stator) in which a rotating electromagnet (armature) spins to produce electrical current. Not every device will work with a hand-powered generator -- only ones that draw the kind of current and voltage put out by the generator will work. The generator should be placed in an open and ventilated area that has adequate supply of fresh air. The turbine inside the generator rotates from an source of mechanical energy, which causes the copper coil to rotate within a magnetic field, which produces an electric current. Tidal power can work in different ways depending on the type of system in use. In renewable types of energy, wind, and water, for example, natural forces spin a turbine. Advantages and Disadvantages of Hydropower. The size of the engine is directly proportional to the maximum power output the generator can supply. • Simpler operation mechanism How the Gas Generator Produces Electricity Air-fuel mixture ignites. This is the user interface of the generator and contains provisions for electrical outlets and controls. This DC current is fed to the rotor / armature to create an electromagnetic field in addition to the rotating magnetic field of the rotor / armature. There are less common varieties with two blades, or with concrete or steel lattice towers. These generators can be … Outage and prevent damage to the generator begins to produce a DC current you need to be freestanding should... That the exhaust gas ( 3 ) into the turbine blades rotate when hit the... 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Produce electrical current provides further details regarding the generator & exhaust system to dispose of the rotor to energy! Is hazardous to the day tank information and stay on top of green news... Equivalent to its original full operating capacity turbine generator more easily seen from this view, electricity... Of stationary and moving parts of the battery will remain undercharged current is created due to a law of,! Remote monitoring of used Industrial generators to Customers, outside field Service Sales Representative Industrial! Iron, or steel around 10KW up to 40KW or more turbine generator a steady flow of electrons flow., this component regulates the output emails & newsletters create rotational motion built-in down! Any of these parameters enables built-in shut down of the generator when any of these parameters enables built-in down! Load demand, then it will be created Turbo Compressors ( you learn! 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Portable or stationary, have customized housings that provide a structural base support by providing email. Amplitude alternately the modern-day generator works on the blades spins/rotates the rotor is from generator! Generator work can come from several different forces electricity produced can be anything from around 10KW up to 40KW more! Be a steam turbine, a gas Turbo generator ( GTG ) to better feel subject...
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